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Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences. People with addictions use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences. Prevention efforts and treatment approaches for addiction are generally as successful as those for other chronic diseases.
~Adopted by the ASAM Board of Directors, September 15, 2019
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Struggling with substance use can feel isolating and overwhelming, especially in a culture that still attaches blame and judgment. Although the moral model of addiction is still prevalent in society today, there has been a shift towards a more accurate understanding of substance use disorder. The moral model views addiction as a character flaw or moral failure, often leading to shame. This perspective may cause individuals to hide their struggles rather than reach out for support. A more compassionate and less stigmatizing way of understanding addiction is through the biopsychosocial model, which considers the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to an individual's vulnerability to developing an addiction.
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Risk factors vary from person to person. Biological risk factors may include a genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances, and substance use beginning at an early age. Psychological risk factors may include mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and trauma, learned behaviors, and impulsivity. Social risk factors may include peer pressure, social norms, exposure to life stressors, accessibility, and legality.
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​​​​Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of substance use disorder may include unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control use, cravings or a strong desire to use the substance of choice, continued use despite negative consequences, needing more of the substance to achieve intoxication, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms. ​
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Treatment Approach
Effective treatment involves addressing the biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to substance use disorder. Goals for treatment may include addressing underlying mental health concerns, developing relapse-prevention strategies, learning healthy coping skills to reduce the risk of substance use, processing grief related to secondary losses caused by substance use, and improving relationships and social supports.
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Common Questions​
Do I need to be sober to start therapy? You do not need to be completely sober to begin therapy. Many people start therapy while they are still figuring out their relationship with substances. Therapy can help you understand your patterns, explore what role substances play in your life, and begin making changes at your own pace.
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What if I'm not sure I want to quit drinking or using? It’s common to feel unsure about making changes. Therapy can be a space to explore your relationship with substances without pressure or judgment. Together we can look at what’s working, what isn’t, and what kind of change feels right for you.
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How do I know if my substance use is a problem? Many people ask themselves if their substance use has become problematic. It becomes concerning when it starts affecting areas of life such as relationships, work, emotional well-being, or physical health. If you find yourself using more than you intended, struggling to cut back, or feeling concerned about your use, it may be helpful to talk with a therapist.
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Do you follow an abstinence approach or harm reduction? My approach is collaborative and individualized. Some clients want to pursue full abstinence, while others want to reduce or change their relationship with substances. We work together to identify goals that feel meaningful and realistic for you.
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Are you in recovery? Some clients ask whether their therapist is personally in recovery. I am not in recovery from substance use myself, but I have professional training and experience supporting people navigating substance use and recovery. My goal is to provide a non-judgmental space where you can talk openly about what you’re experiencing and find a path forward that feels meaningful for you.
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​If you have any questions or want to learn more about my treatment approach, contact me for a free 30-minute phone consultation.